How It Works

Token Overview

Incentive Design

Operating Model

Token Emissions

Voting on Emissions

Flywheel

Market Dynamics

Real World Use Case

FAQs

Appendix

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Two-Tier Participation Model for DER Owners

DER owners can participate at two levels:

Tier 1: Data Only

Simply connect a device and share data. No performance requirements. Earns 10% of weekly emissions, perfect for onboarding or devices that can't provide active flexibility.

Tier 2: Flexibility Markets

Commit to a Flex Pool and provide active flexibility. Earns 90% of weekly emissions, distributed based on voting. Requires a reputation score of at least 70. Poor performance drops your reputation. If it falls below 70, you return to Tier 1 until you rebuild it.

There's no slashing (i.e. burning or confiscation of rewards), just reduced earning potential until you improve.

How Energy Players Pay DERs

Energy Players compensate DER owners through three distinct payment categories, depending on the use case in which a device participates. In all cases, DER owners receive the primary share of revenues generated by their devices, while the protocol captures a smaller portion to fund coordination, governance, and operations.

Capacity Reservation (Fixed)

Weekly payment based on reserved capacity. Example:

50,000 kW × €0.10/kW = €5,000

Activation (Variable)

Additional payment when flexibility is used. Example:

5,000 kW activated for 1 hour → payment based on market rates

Service-Based Automation (Non-Market)

Compensation for permissioned device automation that is not linked to energy market activation, such as dynamic tariffs, or home energy management services offered by retailers, HEMS providers, or other energy service platforms. These payments are settled independently of Flex Pool activation and may be structured as fixed service fees, per-device payments, or other commercially agreed terms.

Competing Activation Requests

When multiple activation or automation requests target the same device and time window, Combinder resolves conflicts by selecting the action that delivers the highest monetary value to the DER owner, subject to predefined user constraints and technical feasibility.

Revenue Split

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