How It Works

Token Overview

Incentive Design

Operating Model

Token Emissions

Voting on Emissions

Flywheel

Market Dynamics

Real World Use Case

FAQs

Appendix

Return to start

Combinder enables VPPs to source warm-water boiler flexibility at scale and sell it to DSOs - paying households in euros while voters coordinate growth and earn protocol fees.

Step Description Actor Action
1 A German DSO requests temporary load shifting in NRW, specifying time windows, scale, and a monthly budget under congestion management programs. Distribution
System
Operator (DSO) Signals demand
2 A VPP commits to deliver flexibility and acts as contractual counterparty to the DSO. Virtual Power
Plant (VPP) Commits delivery
3 The VPP submits a sourcing request to Combinder for warm-water boiler flexibility in NRW, defined by volume and budget. VPP Requests supply
4 Combinder publishes the request to voters as a transparent demand signal. Combinder Publishes demand
5 The protocol identifies or instantiates a “Warm-Water Boiler · NRW” Flex Pool. Combinder Identifies Flex Pool
6 Voters vote to prioritize emissions for up to 12,000 (accounting for no-shows) boilers for the next four epochs (time-bounded; e.g. weeks). Voters Prioritize pool
7 Households voluntarily opt in and offer boilers to the Flex Pool within user-defined comfort limits. Households Offer devices
8 Combinder matches availability, consent, and pool rules; devices remain under household control. Combinder Coordinates access
9 The VPP sends activation signals via Combinder during DSO-defined congestion windows. VPP Activates flexibility
10 Boilers shift heating cycles into requested windows without affecting comfort. Boilers Shift load
11 The DSO pays the VPP in euros for delivered flexibility capacity and activation. DSO Pays VPP
12 The VPP pays Combinder in euros for sourcing, coordination, and settlement services. VPP Pays Combinder
13 Combinder distributes revenues to households as fiat compensation. Combinder Settles revenues
14 A single digit percentage of revenues (decided upfront by voters) is allocated as protocol fees. Protocol Allocates fees
15 Voters earn a proportional share of protocol fees based on allocation decisions. Voters Earn fees
16 After four epochs, prioritization expires unless renewed based on performance and demand. Governance Expires or renews

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